Practical Semantic Mediawiki

This hands-on session for non technical users emphasizes the "need to know" aspects of Web publishing, wikis, information design and Semantic Mediawiki for flexible, structured, practical re-usable content that fits into the Web of Data. It is not expected participants will become experts in all these topics, but will be able to create a site, and have an overview of what can be done as a basis of progressive learning.

Forward

Practice site: http://practice.zooid.org/wiki/Practice

Acronyms

• MW: Mediawiki
• SMW: Semantic Mediawiki

Web publishing

Difference between Semantic Mediawiki and static web sites, CMS, Mediawiki

• Static web sites can be more difficult to manage, it's harder to re-use content.
• Content management systems use forms to guide content editing, but they tend to require low level changes (database, programming), and end users have constrained access to the site
• Mediawiki is designed to organize large sets of pages, potentially with many involved people
• Semantic Mediawiki adds structured information and views
  • We are going to learn markup encoding in order to have more control over content and appearance

• Designing information well makes it easier to find, consistent and re-usable.

Access models

• Fully open, no login required
• Require login for editing
• Require created accounts to edit (closed editing)
• Require created accounts to access (fully private)
  • Encryption to avoid snooping

Access models can be changed over time; avoid starting a wiki with jargon or unsympathetic content.

Site users

• Levels
  • De-emphasize control, make it as flat as possible
  • Bureaucrats still exist - edit site-wide content and styles, block pages and users
• OpenID signin allows people to use account information from other OpenID sites

Practice: Create an account and sign in

Accessibility

Here, accessibility refers to supporting people with vision, keyboard control or cognitive difficulties.

• Making sites accessible generally increases usability
  • Works on more devices from text browser to handheld
  • Typically more straightforward navigation
  • Accessible hot keys can be used by any expert user
  • The curb cuts principle
• Mediawiki is accessible, SMW has issues (forms)
• Value content over appearance
• Good tags for images, image maps

Terms of use

• Creative Commons - share with options for attribution, non-commercial, changes
  • Choose your license
• Traditional copyright - by permission only

• Re-using content
  • Find CC media

Using Mediawiki

Mediawiki is the underlying software of Wikipedia. It is robust, relatively easy to host, and supported by a large community and supports hundreds of useful extensions.

Progressive uses

• Basic site with pages and categories
  • You just need to know a few things for your wiki to be as useful as most Web sites
• Add widgets for more interactivity
• Wiki gardening to reorganize content
• Add semantic classes for reusable data
• Guide users of the site
  • Viewer
  • Casual editor
  • Advanced editor, gardener
  • Semantic coder

Creating pages

• How to name pages
  • One topic per page
• Short, avoid special symbols, use sentence type capitalization, avoid Title Case unless appropriate
• Code and matching brackets

Basic markup

Rather than using a rich text editor, Mediawiki uses a progressively learned set of markup, that's designed to be human-readable, consistent and enforces meaning over appearance. It's not dependant on special programs, and could be carved into a park bench and retain its meaning.

• ''Italic'', '''Bold'''
• * List heading level one — use # for numbered list
  • ** List level two — ## for numbered list
    • ...
• =Heading one=
  • ==Heading two==
    • ...

• [[Mypage]] — A wiki link
  • "Red links" are links to pages that don't exist
  • [[File:Mypicture.png]] — Media (inline or link)
    • A shortcut to creating images is to create the File: link first, then follow the red link to the upload form
  • [[Mypage|This is my page]] Alternate link text (using pipe symbol)
• http://theirsite.com — A non-wiki link
  • Use [] brackets and space after the link to use your own link text. [http://theirsite.com Their site].

• {{My Template}} — A template (reusable content, function or site value)
  • Don't Repeat Yourself
  • Pipe symbol is used to pass parameters — {{Highlight|Anything}} can be used to consistently apply an appearance to anything passed as a parameter
• {{ #geocode: Montréal, Quebec}} — Template function, in this case geocode turns a place name into geographic coordinates
• {{{1}}} — SMW variable, in this case the first value passed to a template

• Finding pages
• Starting new pages
• Proactive linking
  • Brainstorm using links

Practice: Create a new page that's a unique generally recognized placename, include a link to another page and another site.

• Categories
  • Subcategories

Practice: Put your page in a category, put that category in a sub-category

• Uploading images and files

• Moving pages
  • Moving preserves the original link, can be useful for "also known as"

Practice: Move your page to a more specific location (Placename, Region), observe Special:RecentChanges


Bonus practice: Add an image, place it on the right and include a caption.

• Deleting pages

• Templates - used for consistently reused content

Making pages look good

CSS is the style system of Web pages and can also be used in Mediawiki. Like wiki markup, learning can be progressive.

Placeography | Biofuel Visions

• Re-using CSS styling <div style="background: orange">Hello world</div>
  • Avoid losing meaning (don't use <big> for headers), keep it simple
• Re-using styles MediaWiki:Common.css
• Possible to hide MW's menus and change the 'skin'

Practice: Add <div class="noticebox">...</div> to some page content

Bonus practice: Move your div to a reusable template

Semantic Mediawiki

SMW is an extension ecology of MW that allows marking up content for re-use, and creating easier to use forms and views.

• Meaning through annotations and relationships
  • You define the relationships for your application
  • Triples — subject, predicate, object
    • Subject — what we're talking about
    • Predicate — the relationship type
    • Object - what the subject is being related to
  • Combine them and you can flexibly describe anything

• • Montréal is a place
  • Montréal has population 1,906,811
  • Montréal has geographic coordinates 45.5088889, -73.5541667

• What properties does your content need to be useful?

Examples

• Form: Asian Canadian Wiki
• Form: Biofuels vision
• Databases: Genozymes environmental databases

Inline property annotation

Single instances of data can be marked-up using annotations. Annotations look like categories, but they use a double colon. The first part is the relationship type, the second either a value or object page.

• [[Date::Jan 1, 2011]] — A date value that adds a date to the page it's on.
• [[asserted by::David Mason]] — A page link that asserts the page it's on

Page: Montreal

• [[A::Place]]
• [[Population::1906811]]
• [[Geographic coordinates::45.5088889, -73.5541667]]

Practice: Add a population annotation to your place.

• Built-in types
• Geographic coordinate
• Viewing all properties
• Subtypes

Queries

"Ask" queries can be added to any page to add links or values from other pages according to parameters, for example, by category, pages that have particular values, etc.

• • {{ #ask: [[A::Place]] }}
  • {{ #ask: [[Category:City]] }}

• Interactive queries

Classes

Instead of using inline property assignments, semantic classes use templates with value assignments. This allows display formatting and further, consistent semantic interaction according to the template name (which is usually the category).

Practice: Change your page so it's a an Entity.

Page: Montréal

{{Entity
|A=Place
|Population=10000
}}

• http://practice.zooid.org/wiki/Special:CreateClass (template, properties, forms)
  • One topic per page
  • Formlink {{#formlink:Comment|Add a comment}}</formlink>

• Class templates will often contain queries that show linked classes

Practice: Create your own semantic class with template, properties, form. Add pages to it http://practice.zooid.org/wiki/Special:Forms

Views

• Format= parameter to queries
  • {{ #ask: [[Geographic coordinate::+]]|format=map}}

• Timeline, Calendar, Map, Facet browser

Basic inference

Inference is used to derive information from basic information.

{{#ifexpr: {{{Population|}}} > 50000 | [[Category:City]] }}

If the page's population is greater than 50000, then put it in the category of city.

This is a simple form of artificial intelligence, that be very useful for large sets of pages for arbitrary classifications.

Future directions

• Relating ontologies (categories and properties) between sites
• Reusing content
• Creating a big picture across the web where anyone can ask questions and add their data

Mediawiki Widgets

Mediawiki Widgets allow embedding third-party site content for rich media (Youtube, photo sites, etc) and interactive discussions (DISQUS, Twitter, etc) without needing to set it up or host it on your site.

• DISQUS discussion
  • Register with DISQUS
  • Get key
  • Create widget
  • Embed widget on pages

Converting content or sites

• Pandoc
• Convertors for Open Office, Microsoft Word

Hosting

• Export a site, modularize by category
  • Complete site export
• Special:Version
• Free light/startup hosting
• Inexpensive Mediawiki with SMW option
• Wikia
• Self-hosting

Getting help

• View source of pages
• Mediawiki help sites and community
• Semantic mediawiki help sites and community
• If it's for an open cause, ask me
  • Let's form a user group